单词宇宙飞船表面岩石土壤样本信息可获得的最近的，单词出版极好的文章九月地理学的，许多人还认为宇航员有可能把某些奇怪的传染病菌带回地球，单词熔岩火山岩物质爆炸宇航员靴子可能性带回奇怪的传染。
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14.The Moon-Riddle from the Past. 月球-来自远古之谜.
1. Spacecraft[n.航天器,宇宙飞船] from the United States and from Russia[n.俄罗斯] have been to the moon, and men have walked upon its surface[n.表面]. Rock and soil[n.土壤；土地] samples[样品] and information[n.信息] of many other kinds have become available[adj.可获得
in recent[adj.最近的；近来的] years. Yet with all we know about the moon, 的]
there is even more that we don't know.
1、美国和俄国的宇宙飞船都已经到达过月球，而且人类也在它的表面上行走过。月球上的岩石和土壤的样本，以及许多其它类型的信息，近些年来已经为人们所知所用了。然而除了我们所知道的关于月球的那些外，还有更多是我们不知道的。
分析：have been to去过，have gone to去了；
单词：spacecraft=宇宙飞船； surface=表面；rock ＝岩石；soil ＝土壤sample=样本；information ＝信息； available=可获得的， recent最近的；
2. Following the end of the Apollo[n.阿波罗] space program[n.计划], the National Geographic[adj.地理上的] Society[n.协会] published[(publish):vt.出版；发行] an excellent[adj.极好的；优秀的] set of articles[(article):n.文章] about the moon. Here, in shorter form, are some questions and answers from one of these articles[(article):n.文章]. For the full story, see the September, 1973, issue[n.
Geographic[adj.地理上的].
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2、在阿波罗太空计划结束后，国家地理协会出版了一组有关月球的极好文章。这里，以简短的形式截取了其中一篇文章的部分问答。完整的内容，请见1973年九月发行的《国家地理》。
分析：a set of 一套；
单词：publish=出版；excellent=极好的； article=文章； September ＝九月； geographic＝地理学的
Were scientists[(scientist):n.科学家] right about what the moon would be like?
科学家关于“月球外貌”的描述是正确的吗？
3. Many were, of course, but many were mistaken. One said there was no lava[n.熔岩,岩浆] on the moon. Another said that the moon material[n.物质] would explode[vt.&vi.(使)爆炸] as soon as an astronaut's[(astronaut):n.宇航员] boot[n.靴子] touched it. One said there would certainly be water on the moon. Many felt there was a chance that the astronauts[(astronaut):n.宇航员] could bring back to earth some strange infection[n.传染,传染病]. These ideas are now known to be incorrect[adj.
. we are still wrong about 不正确的,错误的], vi.&vt.怀疑；疑惑]
many other things, also.
3、大多数是正确的，当然，也有相当部分是错误的。一个说法是月球上没有熔岩。另外一个说法是宇航员的靴子一旦碰上月球物质就会爆炸。有人说月球确实存在水。许多人还认为宇航员有可能把某些奇怪的传染病菌带回地球。这些说法现在被证明都是不正确的，无疑，我们关于月球的许多其它的看法是错误的。
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分析：as soon as一……就；no doubt=无疑；
单词：lava=熔岩，火山岩；material＝物质； explode=爆炸； astronaut ＝宇航员；boot＝靴子； chance＝可能性；bring back＝带回； strange ＝奇怪的；infection=传染病； incorrect=错误的；
Is the moon like the earth?
月球像地球吗？
4. Yes and no. It is more like it than many scientists thought before Apollo[n.阿波罗]. Like the earth, the moon is in layers[(layer):n.层次,一层], with a crust[n.外壳] on the outside and a deep mantle[n.地幔] below. It may also have a core[n.核], as the earth does. However, the crust[n.
is almost four times thicker than the earth's crust[n.外壳]. We do 外壳] not know much yet about the moon's mantle[n.地幔], that section[n.部分] of superheated[过热的] rock which goes down hundreds of miles below the crust[n.外壳]. We think-but we are not sure-that the moon has a center core[n.核] which includes[(include):vt.包含；包括] molten[融化的] rock, as the earth does.
4、答案是，像也不像。月球比科学家在阿波罗计划之前想象的还要像地球。如同地球一样，月球上有地层，表面是一层地壳，其下是很深的地幔。月球也可能如同地球一样有一个地核。然而，月球地壳几乎是地球地壳厚度的四倍。我们对月球地幔所知不多，那些过热的岩石在外壳几百英里以下。我们预料，但是我们不能确定，月球有一个由熔岩构成的地核，如同地球。
分析：That引导了同位语从句修饰mantle；
单词：layer=地层； crust =地壳； mantle=地幔； core=地核； section ＝部分；superheated=过热的； molten rock=熔岩；
5. In other ways, of course, the moon is very different. There is no life, and there is no water. The makeup[n.结构，构成] of its atmosphere[n.大气层] is very different; the earth creatures[(creature):n.] cannot breathe[vi.呼吸] in it.
5、在其它的方面，当然，月球非常不同。它没有生命，没有水。它的大气的构成也非常不同，地球生物在那里不能呼吸。
单词：makeup=构成；atmosphere=空气；creatures=生物； breathe呼吸；
Of what is the moon made?
月球是由什么构成的？
6. Definitely[a.明确的；肯定的] not green cheese[n.奶酪]. It has the same chemical[adj.化学的] elements[(element):n.元素] as have the earth and the rest of the solar[a.太阳的,日光的] system[n.体系；系统] but in very different amounts（数量）-more of some, leof others. Carbon[n.碳], which is a very important part of living things on the earth, is rare[adj.稀少的] on the moon.
6、很明显不是绿色奶酪。月球有如同地球和其余太阳系行星一样的化学元素，但是其比率非常不同，某些多一点，其它少一些。碳是地球上生物的一个非常重要组成部分，在月球上非常稀少。
分析：the same as与……一样；few几个，很少， rare 由于少变得珍贵；
单词：definitely=明显地；cheese=奶酪； chemical=化学； element =元素； solar= 太阳；system= 系统；amount=数量； carbon=碳； living things = 生物；rare=稀少的；
Is the moon hot or cold?
月球是酷热的还是寒冷的？
7. Most scientists[(scientist):n.科学家] agree that some of the moon melted[(melt):v.融化,变软,溶解]. Right now there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon, possibly a great deal of it. On the surface[n.表面], however, there is no sign of heat-no volcano[n.火山], for example. The surface[n.表面] itself ranges[范围] from heat of 230℉ to cold of minus[负] 290℉where the sun is.
7、大多数的科学家认为月球的一部分至少在一个时期是热的。来自月球的岩石表明它们曾经被融化。现在，似乎在月球内部的某些地方仍处于高温，也可能它是很大的一片地方，然而在表面上，没有高温的特征，例如没有火山。月球表面温度范围从华氏正230度到华氏负290度，取决于太阳在什么地方。
分析：at least＝至少;a great deal＝大量；depend upon ＝依靠； 单词：scientist＝科学家； rock＝岩石； melted＝溶化.；
possibly＝可能； surface＝表面；sign＝标记；volcano＝火山； minus＝负；
Where did the moon come from?
月球来自哪里呢？
8. We don't know. The three main theories[(theory):n.理论] (ideas) are
(1) that the moon was born from the earth, (2) that the earth and the moon were born together at the same time from the same cloud of gas[n.气体] and dust[n.灰尘；尘土], and (3) that the moon was born someplace else in the solar[a.太阳的,日光的] system[n.体系；系统] and then captured[(capture):v.捕获] by the earth's gravity[n.重力,引力]. So far, none of these theories[(theory):n.理论]has been proved[(prove):vt.证明] to be either right or wrong. Professor[n.教授] George W.Wetherill of the University[n.大学] of California[n.加利福尼亚] in Los Angeles says that he would give the first two theories[(theory):n.理论] each a 10 percent chance and the third theorya 20 percent chance . The other 60 percent he would give to "things we haven't thought of yet."
8、我们不知道。主要存在着三个理论：（1）月球产生自地球，（2）地球和月球在同一时间从同一气云和尘埃里同时产生，（3）月球是产生在太阳系的其它某个地方，而后被地球的地心引力所捕获。到现在为止，这些理论中没有任何一个已经被证明正确或错误。洛杉矶加州大学的乔治教授说，他认为前两个理论有百分之十的正确性，第三个理论有百分之二十的正确性，另外的百分之六十他将给“至今我们都还没想到的事物”。
分析：at the same time＝同时；；So far＝到目前为止,完成时态的标志 ；either or ＝或者….或者…；
单词：theory ＝理论； cloud＝云；gas＝气；dust＝尘埃；capture＝捕获；gravity＝引力；prove＝ 证实； professor＝教授；
9. In spite of all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant[adj.远的；遥远的] past-and will be for a long time to come. Although we know much more now, we find that, somehow, for every answer new questions spring up.
9、尽管我们已经从空间飞行中了解了一些，月球仍然是来自遥远过去的一个谜，而且仍将会在未来很长一段时间如此。尽管我们现在比过去知道的更多，但是我们也发现，不知何故，每个新答案都会引发出更多的新问题。
分析：In spite of=despite尽管； spring up＝引起，
单词：somehow=不知何故； riddle＝迷； somehow＝不知何故；
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37. How to Avoid Foolish Opinions. 如何避免愚蠢的见解、
1. To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone[a.易于...的], no superhuman[a.超人的] genius[n.天才] is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.
1、要避免人们常常产生的各种愚蠢的观点，并不需要过人的天赋。立几条简单的规则就可以使得你避免荒唐的错误，虽然不能避免一切错误。
单词：prone =易于…的；superhuman =超人的；genius =天赋；
2. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation[n.观察], make the observation yourself. Aristotle[n.亚里斯多德] could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device[n.方法] of asking Mrs. Aristotle[n.亚里斯多德] to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don't is a fatal[adj.致命的] mistake, to which we are all prone[a.易于...的]. I believe myself that hedgehogs[(hedgehog):n.刺猬] eat black beetles[(beetle):n.甲虫], because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits[(habit):n.习惯；习性] of hedgehogs[(hedgehog):n.刺猬], I should not commit[承若] myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing[n.引不起食欲的] diet. Aristotle[n.亚里
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斯多德], however, was lecautious[adj.谨慎的]. Ancient and medieval[a.中世纪的] authors knew all about unicorns[(unicorn):n.独角兽] and salamanders[(salamander):n.火蜥蜴]; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic[adj.武断的] statements about them because he had never seen one of them.
2、如果事情可以通过观察来解决的，那你就亲自观察好了。亚里斯多德认为女人的牙齿比男人少，其实很简单，只需请亚里斯多德夫人张一张口来让他数一数，他本是可以不犯这一错误的。他没有那么做，因为他认为他知道。自以为懂而实际并不懂是一种致命的错误，我们都易犯这种错误。我自己相信，刺猬吃黑甲虫，因为人们告诉我，它们是这样的。但如果我要写一本论述刺猬习性的书的话，那么在我未亲眼看到一个刺猬享受这种倒胃口的食品之前，我是不会动笔的。然而，亚里斯多德却不够谨慎。古代和中世纪的作家谈起独角兽和火蛇来如数家珍，但他们中没有一个人认为，因为自身从未见过这些东西的任一种而有必要避免对它们作武断的阐述。
分析:could have avoided… ＝推测过去时间可能发生的事情； if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet:虚拟语气
单词：observation ＝观察； fatal =致命的； unappetizing =引不起食欲的； cautious=谨慎的, dogmatic =武断的；
3. Many matters, however, are leeasily brought to the test
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of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate[adj.强烈的] convictions[(conviction):n.看法,信仰] on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias[n.偏见,成见]. If an opinion contrary[相反的] to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously[adv.潜意识地] aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains[坚持] that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator[n.赤道], you feel pity rather than anger, unleyou know so little of arithmetic[n.算术] or geography that his opinion shake your own contrary conviction[n.看法,信仰]. The most savage[a.激烈的] controversies[(controversy):n.争论] are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution[n.迫害] is used in theology[n.神学], not in arithmetic[n.算术], because in arithmetic[n.算术] there is knowledge, but in theology[n.神学] there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard[n.警惕]; you will probably find, on examination[n.检验;检查,], that your belief[n.信念；信条] is going beyond what the evidence[n.证据] warrants[成为…的根据].
3、但是，许多事情是不那么容易用经验来检验的。如果像大多数人那样，在此类事情上执迷不误，那么有许多方法可以使你自己认识到自己的偏见。如果某-种与你相左的见解使你生气，那么这就是
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一种迹象，说明你潜意识地感到，你没法给自己的想法以充分的理由。倘若有人坚称，2加2等于5，冰岛是在赤道上，你只会感到同情而不是愤怒，除非你对算术或地理知之甚少，以致他的观点动摇了你的立常最激烈的争沦是对那些双方都没有充分证据的事物的争论。迫害仅发生于神学领域，而不见于算术领域，因为在算术中有知识，而在神学中仅有观点。因此当你发现你自己对不同的意见气恼时，你一定要警惕；通过检验你或将发现，你的信念并无足够的依据。
分析： contrary to =与...相反；be aware of＝知道； as to：关于；
单词：passionate=强烈的；conviction=深信；bias ＝偏见；
subconscious=下意识的； maintain =维持； savage =激烈的；
controversy＝争沦； persecution =迫害； warrant =成为…的根据，保证;
4. A good way of ridding[(rid):v.使摆脱] yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism[n.教条主义] is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country-in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. I found this very profitable[adj.有益的] in diminishing[(diminish):v.减少] the intensity[n.强烈] of insular[a.思想狭隘的] prejudice[n.偏见,成见]. If you cannot travel, seek out people with whom you disagree, and read a newspaper belonging to a party that is not yours. If the people and the newspaper
seem mad, perverse[adj.违反常规的], and wicked[a.恶劣的], remind yourself that you seem so to them.
4、使你自己摆脱某些教条主义的一种好方法是去了解与你不同的社会集团所持的意见。我年轻时常居住在国外-在法国、德国、意大利和美国。我发现，这大大有助于消弥井蛙之见。如果你无法远行，那就找-些与你意见相左的人，读一读不属于你们党派的报纸。如果这些人和报纸看，上去疯狂、荒谬和恶劣，那么请提醒你自己，在他们看来，你可能也是如此。
单词：rid=使摆脱； dogmatism =教条主义； profitable =有利的；diminish =(使)减少,；intensity =强烈；insular ＝思想狭窄的；prejudice =偏见； perverse=荒谬的；wicked =恶劣的；
5. For those who have enough psychological[adj.心理的,心理学的] imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having different bias[n.偏见,成见]. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents[(opponent):n.对手,敌手]; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary[adj.想象中的,虚构的] dialogue, and, short of this, I have frequently found myself growing ledogmatic[adj.武断的] and cocksure[独断的] through realizing the possible reasonableneof a hypothetical[a.假设的] opponent[n.对手,敌手].
5、对于那些想象力丰富的人来说，假设与观点不同的人进行辩论，不失为-种好方法。较之与对手进行面对面的谈话，这种方式有一个好处，可以说是唯一的好处：它不会受到时间和空间的限制。有时，由于这种假想的对话，结果，我真的改变了我的想法。而有时虽然未能真的改变看法，我也常发现自己因认识到假想对手可能有道理而变得不那么武断或自以为是了。
分析：comparewith=与…比较； be subject to ＝从属于； 单词：psychological=心理的； opponent＝对手； imaginary ＝假想的； dogmatic=独断的；cocksure =独断的； hypothetical =假设的；
6. Be very wary[adj.谨慎的] of opinions that flatter[奉承] your self-esteem[n.自尊]. Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly[adv.牢牢地] convinced[相信] of the superior[adj.优秀的] excellence[n.卓越,杰出] of their own sex[n.性别]. There is abundant[a.丰富的;大量的] evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can resort[v.求助于，采取] that so are most criminals[(criminal):n.犯人]. The question is inherently[固有的] insoluble[a.不能解决的], but self-esteem[n.自尊] conceals[隐藏] this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded[(persuade):vt.说服；劝告] that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its
characteristic[典型的] merits[(merit):n.优点] and demerits[(demerit):n.缺点], we adjust[v.调整] our standard[a.标准的] of values[(value):n.价值] so as to make out that the merits[(merit):n.优点] possessed[(possess):vt.具有] by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits[(demerit):n.缺点] are comparatively[(comparative):a.比较地,相对地] trivial[adj.不重要的]. Here, again, the rational[adj.理性的] man will admit[vt.承认] that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably[ad.明确地] right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem[n.自尊] of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way I know of dealing with this general human conceit[n.自负,自高自大] is to remind ourselves that man is a brief[a.短暂的] episode[n.插曲] in the life of a small planet[n.行星] in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught[n.任何事物] we know, other parts of the cosmos[n.宇宙] may contain[vt.包含；包括] beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish[n.水母].
6、对于那些迎合你自尊心的意见，要十分小心。无论男女，十有八九都确信自己这一性别优越。双方都有充分的证据。如果你是个男人，你可以指出，大多数诗人和科学家是男性；如果你是个女人，你可以回敬说，大多数的罪犯也是男的。这问题本来就讲不清楚，但是自尊心让大多数人看不到这点。我们大家，不管来自世界何地，都
相信自己的民族是最优秀的。鉴于每一个民族都有其固有的优点和缺点，我们常常试图通过调整价值标准来扬长避短，以便证明我们民族所具有的优点是真正重要的，而缺点则是相对不重要的。在这里，理智的人会再次承认，这类问题没有一个明确的答案。而作为人类的人的自尊心则更难对付了，因为我们不能同某种非人类的观点去进行辩论，以求得结论。我所知道的处理这种人类普遍具有的自负的唯一办法是提醒我们自己：人类仅是宇宙一角中一个小行星的整个历程中的一个短暂的插曲，也许，宇宙的其它地方可能有某种生物远胜于我们，就像我们远胜于水母一样。
分析：so are most criminals倒装； is superior to：优越于；so as to：为了；make out:明白；
单词：wary=谨慎的；flatter =奉承； self-esteem=自尊心；
abundant ＝丰富的；evidence =证据； criminal =犯罪者； merit=优点；demerit=缺点；adjust ＝调整； comparatively =相当地；trivial =微不足道的； conceit=自负；
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (17)
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18. How Americans Eat and Drink. 美国人的饮食.
1. Coca-Cola is the best-selling soft (non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day, from the equator[n.赤道] to the Arctic[n.北极]. But whereas[而] outside the USA Coke tends[(tend):v.倾向于] to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age or income[n.收入；所得] can drink it without embarrassment[n.尴尬] on any occasion[n.场合].
1、可口可乐是全世界销路最好的软饮料(不含酒精的饮料)。从赤道到北极，可口可乐每天的销售量为1、65亿瓶。在美国，任何人，不论年龄大孝收入多少，都可以在任何场合饮用可口可乐而不至于有任何不自在的感觉。但在美国之外，可口可乐往往是青年人的饮料。 单词：non-alcoholic=不含酒精的； equator =赤道；arctic =北极的； income =收入；embarrassment =尴尬；
2. Coke is not the only "cola" drink. Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival[n.对手] and has its devotees[(devotee):n.热爱者], for it is not as sweet as Coke. Cola drinks contain[vt.包含；包括] caffeine[n.咖啡因] from the kola nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating[
refreshing[(refresh):v.使恢复精神].有刺激性的] as well as
2、可口可乐不是唯一的可乐饮料。百事可乐是它的著名竞争对手并拥有自己的爱好者，因为它不像可口可乐那么甜。可乐饮料含有从可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的软饮
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料。
单词：rival =竞争者；devotee =热爱者； caffeine =咖啡因stimulating =有刺激性的； refreshing=提神的；
3. There are excellent wines produced in California which are praised[(praise):赞扬] by European connoisseurs[(connoisseur):n.鉴赏家,行家], but some Americans prefer stronger stuff[酒]. Well-off[手头宽裕的] Americans consume[v.
a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktails-mixtures based 消耗,消费]
on spirits[烈酒] like whisky[n.威士忌酒], gin[n.杜松子酒] and vodka[n.伏特加].
3、加利福尼亚生产的优质葡萄酒得到欧洲的行家们的赞扬，但有些美国人更喜欢烈性酒。很多美国人以喝鸡尾酒的方式消费大量酒精，这种酒是用威士忌、杜松子酒和伏特加之类的烈性酒调制而成的。 分析：resume恢复， presume假定， consume消费；
单词：praise=赞扬； connoisseur=行家；prefer =更喜欢； stuff=
【口语】酒；well-off=手头宽裕的；consume=消费；alcohol=酒精；cocktail=鸡尾酒；mixture =混合物；whisky=威士忌；gin=杜松子酒；vodka=伏特加；
4. Hamburgers and hot dogs are perhaps the best known American foods. Hot dogs-sausages between bread rolls-can be bought in snack bars and from hot dog stands（货摊） on street comers[来者]. And from San Francisco to New York, in cheap or
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medium-priced restaurants, hamburgers will be on all the menus, in company with steaks[(steak):n.牛排], fried chicken and seafood. They come with French fries and crisp[adj.脆的；green salad. 松脆的]
In most cases it is certainly good value for money. For dessert[n.
you will be offered apple pie[n.馅饼], cheese cake, chocolate 甜食]
layer[n.层次] cake, ice cream and ice cream sundaes[(sundae):n.圣代]. No ice cream in the world is more delicious than American ice cream.
4、汉堡包和热狗也许是最著名的美国食品了。热狗-面包卷夹香肠-可以在街角的小吃店和热狗摊上买到。从旧金山到纽约的中小饭馆，所有乏鞘菜单上都有汉堡包，它与牛排、炸鸡和海味并列。它们与炸薯条和新鲜色拉搁在一起出售。在多数情况下，这笔钱当然值得一花。要甜点心的话，你可以点苹果馅饼、乳酪蛋糕、巧克力夹心蛋糕、冰淇淋和冰淇淋圣代。世界上没有哪个地方的冰激淋比美国的更好吃了。
分析：in company with 一起;
单词：snack bar=快餐柜； steak =牛排； crisp =脆的； dessert=餐后甜点；offer=提议； layer=夹心；
5. The American passion[n.激情] for speed has now hit the food business. Many restaurants, in particular the great chain restaurant company, Macdonald's, specialize in fast food", food which is served at the counter ready "to go（外卖）", or "to take
out". The food, cooked and hot, is packed into cardboard[n.厚纸板] and plastic containers[(container):n.容器], and hot drinks go into plastic cups with tight-fitting lids. There are also drive-in[驶进] fast food restaurants, where the customer does not even have to leave his or her car. They first stop at a board[n.牌子] where the menu is displayed, give an order through a microphone[n.麦克风] and then drive another twenty yards, where a gift hands them the meal, ready cooked and packed. People who prefer to eat at a table in the restaurant also receive their food in cardboard[n.厚纸板] or plastic containers[(container):n.容
and the knives, forks and spoons are plastic, too. When they 器],
have finished, customers throw everything except the tray[n.托盘,盘子] into a trash[n.垃圾] can.
5、美国人追求“快”的激情目前已经影响到了饮食业。许多饭馆，尤其是大型连锁饮食公司“麦当劳”，专门做“快餐”，也就是在柜台随时可以买到或带走的食物。饭菜做好了，趁热就装进纸板或塑料制的容器。热饮料则装入盖子盖得很严的塑料杯中。还有服务到车上的“路旁”快餐店，顾客甚至用不着离开小汽车。他们先在一块写有菜单的牌子前停车，通过麦克风订饭菜，然后再往前开20码，就有女服务员递上做好并装在盒里的饭菜。愿意在饭馆里坐在餐桌边进餐的人的饭菜也同样装在纸板或塑料制的容器中，刀、叉、汤匙也都是塑料做的。顾客吃完了，除了盘子以外，其余都扔进垃圾箱。
分析：in particular =特别；specialize in=专营；
单词：passion=激情； chain =连锁； counter=柜台； cardboard =纸板；plastic=塑料的； microphone= 麦克风； tray =盘子；trash can = 垃圾桶；
6. In most cities, large and small, you can eat Mexican or Italian food. And even small towns have a coffee shop serving simple meals, drinks of all kinds-and excellent, freshly-made coffee. You sit at the counter, or are served at a table. Service in restaurants and coffee shops is efficient[效率高的] and friendly. Waiters and waitresses often introducethemselves. "Hi! I am Don (Debbie). What can I get you folks[(folk):各位]?" This friendlineis natural and not entirely[(entire):adj.整个的；全部的] influenced[(influence):n.影响;势力] by the hope of a high tip. In any case, people usually tip15% of the check. One of the pleasantest things about waiters and waitresses is that they refill[n.重新装满] your coffee cup several times for no extra charge!
6、在大多数城市里，无论大城市还是小城市，你都可以吃到墨西哥食品或意大利食品。甚至小镇上也有咖啡馆提供简单的饭菜、各种饮料和非常好的刚煮好的咖啡。你坐在柜台边或桌旁就行。饭店和咖啡馆的服务热情周到，效率很高。男女服务员经常自我介绍：“我是多恩(或德比)。您要点什么?”这种友好毫不做作，也并不完全是
想多得小费。一般，人们常另付账单金额的15％作为小费。男女服务员最讨人喜欢的一点是他们屡次三番把你的咖啡杯重新斟满而不另加收钱！
单词：counter=柜台；efficient= 有效的； Introduce=介绍；entirely=完全地；influence =影响；tip＝小费； check=饭馆的帐单；pleasant=令人愉快的；refill=再装满；
7. Many American families pride[n.自豪] themselves on their cooking, and have deep freezers, where they store food they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket. Supermarkets are large self-service stores selling every kind of food-fresh, canned or frozen. So, like the fast-food restaurants, their produce is leexpensive and easier to market. There have been supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s, and they have now spread[vt.延伸；展开；流传] through a large part of the world.
7、许多美国家庭以自己的烹调而自豪。他们有冷藏箱，可以把他们在花园种的或从超级市场买的食物贮藏起来。超级市场是大型自助商店，出售各种食品-新鲜的、罐头装的或冰冻的。因此，像快餐馆一样，他们的商品较便宜，容易销售。美国从1930年代起就有超级市场了，现在超级市场已遍及世界的大部分地区。
分析：pride on ＝为而自豪； take pride in以为傲 单词：spread=散布；
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