托福综合写作必备能力：归纳及改写

　　托福考试中，托福写作是最考核考生英语水平及能力的部分。在托福写作部分拿下高分已然不易，写一篇托福满分作文着实不易。以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于托福综合写作必备能力：归纳及改写，供大家备考。

托福综合写作必备能力：归纳及改写

　　托福综合写作“归纳”，就是考生能够把握托福综合写作阅读材料和听力材料中论证的重点，也即观点和论点。对于阅读材料，如何归纳呢?以TPO29托福综合写作阅读其中一段材料为例：First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.

　　概括内容为：Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants----- have to leave the cold and dark North Slope winter to more temperate zones to find food .

　　对应的托福听力材料：First, the edmontosaur did not have to migrate to find food. One hundred million years ago the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today. And remember in arctic regions like the North Slope the sun shines 24 hours a day at the peak of the summer, the warm temperatures and the extensive daylight created incredibly good growing conditions for plants, so much vegetation was produced during the summer that when the vegetation died as the winter came, there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter. The edmontosaur could have easily lived on the dead plant matter during in the winter.

　　概括为：Edmontosaurs did not have to migrate to find food---the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today,there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter.

　　这里需要注意的是：由于听力材料只听一遍，在发挥托福综合写作概括能力之前，考生需要根据阅读材料的内容预测听力内容的重点并带着预测来听。

　　托福综合写作“改写”，即考生可以将阅读和听力材料的.论点及观点按照综合写作部分答题方式联系起来，写好材料分析性的内容。在对上述材料进行整合改写前，可以看出两个材料是矛盾的。所以采用模板：the reading materials points out that...But the speaker reputes that...改写为：First of all, the reading materials points out that it is difficult that edmontosaurus to find food in cold winter because of they were fed on plants exclusively. But the speaker reputes that warm weather in summer supplied perfect condition for plants to grow. So edmontosaurus might found lots of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter, which made migration unnecessary.

　　拓展阅读：托福写作高分实用模板

　　写作第一题：综合写作

　　①The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that听力要点.

　　②According to the professor in the lecture, 听力1. This directly contradicts/supports what the reading passage indicates, because 阅读1.

　　③The lecture believes that 听力2. This point disagrees/enhances with the statement demonstrated in the reading that 阅读2.

　　④In the listening, the professor says that 听力3， which differs from/upholds the reading in that the reading states阅读3.

　　写作第二题：独立写作

　　1、因果解释型论证体系：现象引出→原因分析→结果分析

　　Currently, 抽象事物 has loomed up wide public concern. What amazes us most is that具体事物. (→趋势化) It is true that the trend of this is seemingly on the rise in all walks of life. (→原因解释化) We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this. The major ones can be listed as follows.

　　First and foremost, _____ play a pushing role.

　　In addition, ______.

　　Last but not least, _____.

　　(→结果化) As a consequence, _____.

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