高考英语词汇辨析题
有些英文单词的音、形、义容易混淆，高考词汇运用题也爱考这些单词。为了帮助大家，小编分享了一些词汇辨析题及解析，希望能对大家有所帮助!
高考英语词汇(同义、近义、相似词)辨析题【1】
1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
D. considered
considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。
[注意]acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)
2. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denied
D. denied.
deny 1)否认：A. He didn't deny the facts. B. They couldn't
deny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say 'no' to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不给予;Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)
3. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected
B. abandoned
abandoned (=give up completely) 放弃, 抛弃; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship.
[注意]abandon 暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣, 如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 绝迹; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of animals have vanished form the earth. (许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。) scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驱使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驱散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到处放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒绝接受; She rejected my suggestion.
4. Henry's news report covering the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.
A. understanding B. comprehensible C. comprehensive D. understandable
C. comprehensive.
comprehensive 完全的无所不包的; comprehensible 能懂的, 可以理解的; understandable 可以理解的, 主要用来指人的行为。understanding 用来指人时, 表示"善于理解别人或别人问题的 (人) 。"注意下面的搭配：a comprehensive map (街区详图) ; a comprehensible remark (听得懂的话) ,an understandable mistake (可以理解的错误) ; an understanding friend (一位能理解人的朋友) 。
5. No one has _____ been able to trace the author of the poem.
A. still B. yet C. already D. just
B. yet
6. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. account
C. blame.
take the blame for 对......承担责任。Take charge of 负责管理 (照顾) 。[注意]charge 前无冠词the.
7. He has impressed his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.
A. eventually B. yet C. finally D. accordingly
D. accordingly.
accordingly (=for that reason, therefore) 因此, 所以。
8. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
D. effort.
effort (作可数名词用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的尝试：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking? (戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗?)
9. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office
B. effect. take effect 生效。
10. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.
A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived
B. accused.
accuse sb. of... 控告某人犯有......, warn sb. of警告、告戒某人有......deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某事。charge sb. with murder (指控某人犯有杀人罪) 。
11. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired
D. acquired.
acquired (=gain for oneself by skill or ability, by one's own efforts or behavior) (由技术、能力、努力或行为) 获得; 得到：He has acquired a good command of English language. (他已精通英语。) achieve, vt. 取得 (胜利、成功等) , 实现 (目标、目的等) 。 attain, vt. 达到 (目的等) , 取得 (成就等) ：1) I hope you will attain your object. (我希望你会达到你的目的。) 2) He attained success through hard work.
12. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. reminded
C. adjusted.
adjust (=arrange, put in order or agreement; make suitable or convenient for use) 强调, 调节, 使适应; The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。) My eyes have not been adjusted to dark yet. (我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。) 本句中adjust是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch. It's slow. (我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。)
13. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of maturity.
A. fulfillment B. achievement C. establishment D. accomplishment
B. achievement
achievement (=something successfully finished or gained especially through skill and hard work) 取得, 达到, 成就。例如：achievement age智力成熟年龄。fulfillment (=the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled) 履行, 实行。如：He was willing to face any hardship in fulfillment of his duties. (他愿意迎向困难去履行他得职责。) establishment 建立,建设。Accomplishment (顺利) 完成：It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days. (两天内打扫完这栋屋子是件很了不起的事。)
14. The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.
A. adaptable B. acceptable C. advisable D. available
D. available.
available. (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可用的, 有效的, 可得到的。例如：1) There are no doctors available in the remote areas. (在边远地区没有大夫。) 2) There tickets are available for on month. (这些票有效期一个月。)
acceptable 可以接受的：None of the suggestions was acceptable. advisable 明智的, 可取的, 适当的：I think it advisable that he be assigned to the job. (我认为指派他干这项工作是可取的。) adaptable 能适应的：He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.
15. He is a very honest official and never _____ any gifts from the people who sought his help.
A. accepted B. received C. carried D. excepted
A. accepted
receive 收到, 接到, 指"收, 接"这一动作; 而accept 是经过考虑"接受"下来, 表示当事人的态度, 如：I received the present, but I did not accept it. (我收到了这件礼物, 但我没有接受。)
16. He was not _____ to the club because he wasn't a member.
A. allowed B. admitted C. permitted D. approved
B. admitted.
admit sb. to (=allow sb. or sth. to enter; let in) 允许某人某物进入; 让......进入：1) Children are not admitted. (儿童免进。) Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school the school every year. (这所学校每年只收100名男生。) admit (=acknowledge; confess) 承认, 供认：1) We have to admit that he is a highly competent man. (我们不得不承认他是一位能力很强的人。) 2) The thief admitted his crime. 3) She admitted having read the letter, 4) I admit breaking the window. 注意admit后可接动名词的一般式或完成式。5) We must admit the task to be difficult。注意admit也可以接复合结构。allow和permit后均可接sb. to do sth., 故不合本题题意。approve sth. 批准; approve of doing sth. (=think well of) 赞成, 赞许：1) I am afraid they won't approve of your going there. (恐怕他们不会赞成你去那里的。) 2) I don't approve of your way of looking at things. (我不赞同你看待事情的方法。)
17. Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.
A. convicted B. arrested C. charged D. judged
A. convicted.
be convicted to 被判有...... (罪) ：He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有谋杀罪。)
18. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.
A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible
D. flexible.
flexible 灵活的, 可变通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.
19. An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _____ couldn't see his work on his machine.
A. however B. therefore C. yet D. although
A. however.
however 然而。
本题译文：早期的打字机打起字来又快又整齐, 然而打字员不能看着机器键盘打字。
20. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly ------ what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits B. guides C. affects D. effects
C. affects.
affect (=have an influence or effect on) 影响：The climate affected his health. (气候影响[损害]了他的健康。)
[注意]affect vt. 影响。effect n. (=influent) 影响, 作用：Some films have a misleading effect on children. effect vt. (=bring about) 实行, 进行, 产生......后果:1) I will effect my purpose: no-one shall stop me! 2) We hope to effect an improvement. (我们希望能引起改进。)
注意两个常用的习语:1) to that effect 那个意思的 (话) ：She said she hated spinach, or words to that effect. (她说她不喜欢吃菠菜或那个意思的话。) 2) to the effect that... 意思时说, 表示下述意思：I said a few words the effect that all he had told us was already well known. (我说了几句话, 意思是说他告诉我们的一切都已众所周知。)
21. A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research.
A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents
B. awards.
awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他们授于约翰一等奖。)
对比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬谢某人, 须加介词with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (给予) , 答应 (请求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意给予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 赠送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我们班给学校送了一幅画。) present 颁发, 呈递：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校长将颁发文凭。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)
本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见, 本题应选award.
22. The boy had a _____ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.
A. close B. short C. narrow D. fine
C. narrow. have a narrow escape 幸免遇难。
23. The finance minister has not been so _____ since he raised taxes to such a high level.
A. popular B. well-known C. favorable D. preferable
A. popular.
popular 此处意为" (=liked and admired) 受爱戴的, 有名声或声望的"。
24. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public.
A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
B. position.
position 此句中指"地位" (不可数, 有时加不定冠词), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.
25. We all knew from the very _____ that the plan would fail.
A. outcome B. outset C. income D. output
B. outset.
outset 开端, 开始, from the very outset (从一开始) 。outbreak爆发, 发生。outcome结局. income 收入。output 产量。
26. He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _____ from his coat.
A. loosing B. losing C. off D. missing
D. missing.
missing 缺少的; a book with some missing pages. (缺页书) 。
27. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
B. charges.
make charges for对......收 (费) ; 索 (价) 。charge也可以用作动词, 表示"收费, 索价", 如：1) We don't charge anything for that. (对此我们不收费。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut? (理个发要收多少钱?)
28. How can we get this language point _____ to the students.
A. down B. round C. across D. into
C. across.
本题译文, 我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚?
29. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.
A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
A. outline.
outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。
30. Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.
A. take B. hold C. make D. get
A. take.
take charge of (=to be or become responsible for sb. or sth.) 负责、掌管、看管; He took charge of the department (or the children) .
31. The child enjoyed _____ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down.
A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. forming
C. piling.
pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把......放成一堆, 堆积：pile up the books on the table (把书堆在桌子上) 。Pile up作不及物动词用, 意为"积压; (若干汽车) 相撞"：1) Perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。) 2) Several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于无视高速公路上的大雾警告, 有好几辆汽车相撞。)
32. John was very upset because he was _____ by the police with breaking the law.
A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged
D. charged.
be charged with受指控犯有......; He was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有凶杀罪。)
33. It isn't quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.
A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain
D. certain.
I am sure that +从句。He is sure to come. = He is certain to come.但在it作形式主语, that引导主语从句时, 主句中表语只能用certain, 不能用sure.
34. The members of the club wouldn't run a _____ in entrusting(委托) the organization to an unreliable person.
A. danger B. risk C. loose D. chance
B. risk.
run a risk (in) 冒险：You are running a big risk in trusting him.
本题译文：俱乐部成员不愿冒险把这个组织委托给一个不可靠的人管理。
35. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very _____ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual
C. particular.
be particular about对......讲究, 挑剔; She is very particular about what she wears. (她对她得穿着很讲究。) Mr. Smith was quite particular about my work. (史密斯先生对工作十分挑剔。)
36. Voices were _____ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.
A. spoken B. raised C. developed D. increased
B. raised.
raise (=lift up) one's voice提高嗓门, 高声叫喊。Raise one's voice against sth. 意为"为抗议某事而大声疾呼", 如：As no one raised his voice against the plan, it was agreed on. (因为没有人发表反对意见, 该计划就一致通过了。) voice的常用习语有：the public voice (舆论) , under one's voice (小声地) , with one voice (异口同声地,一致地) ,lose one's voice (嗓子哑了, 说不出话来) , have no voice with (对某事无发言权)。
37. After the show, the crowd _____ out of the theater.
A. poured B. melted C. drew D. dismissed
A. poured.
pour 此处意为：涌出, 涌来, 如：People poured out to the rally. (人们踊跃参加群众大会。)
38. Though _____ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
A. raised
本句中Though raised in San Francisco是省略的让步状语从句。Raise (=bring up) 抚养：grow种植; cultivate耕作; 培养 (友谊等) 。如cultivate后接某人, 则意为"培养与某人的感情"。如：John always tries to cultivate the people, who are useful to him professionally. (约翰一向喜欢与事业上对他有用的人来往。)
本题译文：尽管在旧金山长大, 但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。
39. I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's _____.
A. priceless B. invaluable C. unworthy D. worthless
D. worthless.
worthless 无价值的, 无用的。Priceless 无价的, 贵重的, 无法估价的：a priceless treasure 无价之宝。Invaluable 无法估价的, 非常宝贵的。Unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 无价值的。
40. The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.
A. action B. performance C. view D. sight
B. performance.
performance (话剧的) 一场演出。
41. It was a long time before the cut on my hand _____ completely.
A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered
A. healed.
heal 1) 使痊愈, 治愈：The salve will help to heal the wound. (这种药膏能治愈你的伤。) 2) 痊愈 (多指外伤) ：The cut on my leg has healed. (我腿上的伤口以痊愈。) 可见, 本题是heal的第二种用法。cure治疗, 治好; The drug cured my fever. (这种药使我退烧了。) This medicine should cure you of your cold. (这种药定会治好你的感冒。) recover也可以表示"痊愈", 意为"恢复正常"。例如：1) I think she will recover. (我认为她会痊愈的。) 2) He almost fell ill, but quickly recovered. (他差点病到, 但很快就痊愈了。) 也可以用recovered做表语表示"痊愈, 恢复正常：Are you completely recovered from your illness? (你的病是不是完全好了?)
[注意] recover vi. 用作"痊愈"时, 句子主语通常是人。Improve 改善, 此词无"治疗"或"痊愈"之意。
本题译文：过了很长时间我手上的伤口才痊愈。
42. As soon as the children were _____, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom.
A. woke B. waken C. wake D. awake
D. awake.
awake adj.醒着的 (作表语) 。Awake, awaken, wake, waken都可以作及物和不及物动词用, 但是awake多用作不及物动词, 其中wake最常用。
43. The government's strong action demonstrated its _____ to crush the rebellion.
A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination
D. determination.
determination意为"决心", 后常接动词不定式作定语。
44. Probability is the mathematical study of the _____ of an event's occurrence.
A. desire B. likelihood C. result D. effect
B. likelihood
句意：概率是对事件发生的可能性的数学研究。
45. There were no tickets _____ for Friday's performance.
A. preferable B. possible C. considerable D. available
D. available.
available (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可利用的; 可以找到的：1) These tickets are available for one month. (这些票的有效期一个月。) 2) Is there a doctor available? (有否可以找到大夫?) 3) A limited number of seats are still available. (仍然还有少量座位。)
46. In a typhoon, winds _____ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble
C. attain.
attain (=succeed in doing or getting) 达到 (目的等) ,取得 (成就等) :I hope you will attain your object, accomplish (顺利) 完成。assume假定, 假设, 承担。assemble集合; 装配。
47. The thief _____ the papers all over the room while he was searching.
A. abandoned B. vanished C. scattered D. deserted
C. scattered.
scatter(=throw or put in various directions, or here and there)撒。
abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃(而离开)。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。
48. Roses are quite _____ flowers in English gardens.
A. ordinary B. common C. usual D. general
B. common.
common(=usual and ordinary; happening of found often and in many places)普通的;常见的;常常发生的;到处可见的：a common experience(普通的经历);a common tree(常见的树木)。This bird is common throughout Europe.(这种鸟在欧洲很常见。)They can treat most of the common diseases.(他们能治疗大多数常见病。)
usual(=done, found, used or existing most of the time) 经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的;强调时间习惯方面，例如：This is the usual state of the house.(这房子里平常就是这种样子。)
ordinary正常的，普通的，正常的;an ordinary day(平凡的一天)，ordinary people(普通人), a piece of ordinary dance music(一首普通的舞曲)。
general普通的。它与common比较，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意外。
可见本题中用common是最佳的选择。
49. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.
A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow
C. reflection.
reflection此处意为"映在水中的倒影"，而不是"影子"或"阴影"，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。
50. Her display of bad temper completely _____ the party.
A. harmed B. damaged C. spoilt D. hurt
C. spoilt.
spoil指出意指"使...... 扫兴，搞糟"，如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.(争吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt伤害，damage 损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。
51. Our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.
A. respectable B. respected C. respective D. respectful
D. respectful.
respectable(=deserving respect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showing respect to)有礼貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各个的。respected尊敬的。Respecting prep.(=relating to; concerned with)关于，说到。
52. "Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?"
"Most of the fault lies _____ the administration."
A. in B. to C. on D. with
D. with.
lie with应由.......(承担责任);(作出决定等)得靠...... 1)The responsibility lies with the driver.(责任应由这个司机承担。) 2)It lies with you to accept or reject he the proposal.(接受还是拒绝这项建议由你决定。)
lie in在于： 1)The difficulty lies in their great poverty.(困难在于他们非常贫困。) 2)the solution lies in social and political reform.(解决方法在于社会政治改革。)
53. People who live in a small village are bound to see a good _____ of each other.
A. sum B. quantity C. deal D. amount
C. deal.
see a good deal of each other 经常见面。
54. They always kept on good _____ with their next-door neighbors for the children's sake.
A. friendship B. relations C. intentions D. terms
D. terms.
keep (be) on good terms with与......和睦相处。
55. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent _____ to the ground.
A. crashing B. throwing C. rushing D. dropping
A. crashing.
crash(to the ground)猛跌(到地上)。Crash n.
常指飞机等的"失事"，如：He was killed in an aircraft crash.(他在飞机失事中丧生。)本句中用falling不妥，fall指"落下，掉下"，本身并不强调落下的速度，而crash使"猛跌"，故本题用crashing最佳。
56. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.
A. equivalent B. uniform C. alike D. likely
A. equivalent.
equivalent相等的，相当的：He exchanged his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. uniform 相同的,一样的。Likely adj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表语形容词)相同的，相象的。
57. The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions.
A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval
B. gap.
generation gap 代沟。
division分，划分;separation分开;interval间隔，间隙;(幕间或工间)休息。at intervals 不时，时时
58. If the boy had _____ the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him.
A. set B. left C. had D. put
B. left.
leave sb./sth. alone不惹，不管，不碰：Leave the box alone.(别碰那个盒子。)
59. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _____ as hepatitis (肝炎).
A. diagnosed B. determined C. deduced D. discovered
A. diagnosed.
diagnose...as 把......诊断为......。
本题译文：玛丽的.病现已诊断为肝炎。
60. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.
A. regard B. account C. thought D. observation
B. account.
take sth. into account(=consider)考虑到：We must take local conditions into accoutn.