职称英语考试的阅读技巧2017
10.简短的名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，例：
That he will come here/is certain.(主语从句)
This is/how he studies English.(表语从句)
He told me/where I could find my book.(宾语从句)
11.简短的定语从句，例：
This is a factory/that makes cloth.
12.简短的状语从句，状语从句可以放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后通常要用逗号;放在句末时，从句一般不用逗号，每个简短的状语从句分为一个意群，例：
I waited/till he come back.
He can’t come/because he is ill.
We worked fast/so that we finish our plan.
列举一些例子：
1.当出现复合句时，特别是定语从句和宾语从句，若定语从句关系词或宾语从句连接词that被省略，考生常常会打乱意群，读起来不得要领。例如：
① The crafts people buy include things to decorate their homes，clothes for their children and gifts for their friends，holidays，weddings or special occasions.
people buy是定语从句，限制the crafts，如果将The crafts people看作一个意群，则后面的buy include things便没法理解了。
② He must capture the horse.He knew better man than he had tried.
此例第二句中的knew后省略了that，better m an than he属于一个意群，是这个宾语从句的主语，若把he knew better放在一起读，下文就读不通了。
2.非谓语动词-ing形式与-ed形式引起的麻烦。例如：
③ Assembly will have limited self- governing powers，British say it could be as long as 30 years before the North might be in charge of its own affairs.
这里will have不与 limited一起构成将来完成时，will have后应稍有停顿，lim ited用作形容词，作前置定语，修饰self-governing powers，它们构成一个意群，是“有限的自治权”的意思。
④ For those who prefer reading the evening newspaper offers the reader the possibility of reading the news others see and hear on TV.
本句中，reading出现两次，第一个reading是名词化的`动名词，不能直接带宾语，后面应有停顿，the evening newspaper不是 reading的宾语，它属于下一个意群，是句子的主语;第二个reading是动词的-ing形式， the news是它的宾语。
3.分不清句中词的搭配关系。例如：
⑤A few bloodhounds and threats cleared the village of all the Indian inhabitants.
此句中的of不表示所有关系，因此不与village构成一个意群，它与cleared搭配，cleared...of...是“从……清除……”的意思。
⑥The petition asked that during June，July，and August the working hours be changed from 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch to 7 to 3：30 with a half-hour for lunch.
be changed以下部分的意群容易搞错，考生正在这里兜圈子，他们的视线停留在be changed from 8to 5，于是看不懂下文了。应该说from与句中的第二个to搭配，from后的8 to 5with an hour off for lunch是一个意群。第二个to后面7 to 3：30with a half-hour for lunch是另一个意群。这样读意思就理解了：要求作息时间从原来的上午8点至下午5点，中间留一个小时吃午餐改为上午7点至下午3点30分，中间留半个小时吃午餐。
4.分不清and所连接的成分在层次上的差别。例如：
⑦Among the factors responsible for the higher crop yields per acre are the widespread use of m achinery for power，the development of better fertilizers，the breeding of better varieties，particularly semidwarf wheat and rice and hybrid sorghum and corn，and the more efficient use of irrigation.
例句中连用了四个and，第四个and连接的部分是第一层次，在particularly...corn这部分中，第二个and连接的是第二层次，第一个与第三个and连接的是第三层次，semidwarf wheat and rice与hybrid sorghum and corn应视作两小项，不可分为四项，semidwarf既修饰wheat也修饰rice;hybrid同时修饰sorghum与corn。
5.分不清this/these/that/those等是指示代词还是限定词。作指示代词可以代替名词单独使用，而作限定词时，它们修饰名词，不能单独使用。例如：
⑧If his savings，pension，and social security are substantial，he can engage in charitable or religious activities.But the self-reliant American finds these poor substitutes for those social and business activities which once occupied his time and energies.
these是指示代词，代替上文中的 charitable or religious activities而充当 finds的宾语，poor substitutes是宾语的补语，意思是说：发现慈善、宗教活动不能取代原来从事的社交、商业活动。若把 these看作限定词，则these poor substitutes成了一个意群，语意大相径庭。
6.英语句子中那些从逻辑上讲应该接续的成分被分隔时，如果不能确定被分割的成分，也就不能正确读懂意群。例如：
⑨ The prisoners are overcrowded， with many cells intended for one man occupied by three.
这句中的关键是要注意with短语中的分隔，即with所带的宾语m any cells与宾补occupied之间被充当后置定语的过去分词短语intended for one man隔开，其意群的划分应该是with many cells/intended for one man/occupied by three，整个句子的意思是：监狱现在过度拥挤，许多原来关一个人的单身牢房现在关三个人。
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